Des recherches récentes soulignent le rôle important des probiotiques dans la modulation de l’axe microbiote-intestin-cerveau, offrant des avantages potentiels pour la santé mentale, mais aussi pour l’amélioration des performances cognitives et le maintien de la santé neurologique chez les personnes âgées. La recherche préclinique vise à caractériser les effets des probiotiques sur le stress oxydatif, l’inflammation et les voies neurotransmettrices, leur conférant ainsi le potentiel d’exercer des effets bénéfiques substantiels sur les troubles neurodégénératifs et neuropsychiatriques. Parallèlement, des études cliniques ont généré des preuves soutenant des bénéfices significatifs chez les personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer, de symptômes de dépression et d’anxiété, et de troubles dépressifs majeurs.

Les questions émergentes et les domaines d’investigation concernent l’interaction complexe entre le métabolisme et le cerveau, avec plusieurs implications pour le développement neurologique, la récupération après un infarctus du myocarde et la réduction des risques de neurodégénérescence.

Publications choisies

  1. De Oliveira, M. T., De Oliveira, F. L., Salgaço, M. K., Mesa, V., Sartoratto, A., Duailibi, K., Raimundo, B. V. B., Ramos, W. S., & Sivieri, K. (2025). Restoring Balance: Probiotic Modulation of Microbiota, Metabolism, and Inflammation in SSRI-Induced Dysbiosis Using the SHIME® Model. Pharmaceuticals, 18(8), 1132. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18081132  
  2. Myles, E. M., O’Leary, M. E., Romkey, I. D., Hamm, S. I., Dauphinee, L., Piano, A., Bronner, S., & Perrot, T. S. (2025). Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 administration to Long–Evans rats has interactive effects with sex and diet on anxiety-related feeding behaviors and specific endocrine outcomes. Physiology & Behavior, 300, 115030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115030
  3. Yue, X., Zhu, L., & Zhang, Z. (2025). Changes in RNA splicing: A new paradigm of transcriptional responses to probiotic action in the mammalian brain. Microorganisms, 13(1), 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13010165  
  4. Akhgarjand, C., Vahabi, Z., Shab-Bidar, S., Anoushirvani, A., & Djafarian, K. (2024). The effects of probiotic supplements on oxidative stress and inflammation in subjects with mild and moderate Alzheimer’s disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Inflammopharmacology, 32(2), 1413-1420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-023-01427-2
  5. Binda, S., Tremblay, A., Iqbal, U. H., Kassem, O., Le Barz, M., Thomas, V., Bronner, S., Perrot, T., Ismail, N., & Parker, J. A. (2024). Psychobiotics and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Where do we go from here? Microorganisms, 12(4), 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040634
  6. Forouzan, S., Hoffman, K. L., & Kosten, T. A. (2024). Probiotics alter the microbial and behavioral consequences of methamphetamine exposure in a sex-selective manner. Psychoactives, 3(3), 318-336. https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3030020
  7. Gagné, M.-A., Frégeau, G., Godbout, R., & Rousseau, G. (2024). The role of probiotics in modulating myocardial infarction and depression-like symptoms: A study on sex-specific responses. Biomedicines, 12(11), 2511. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12112511
  8. Murack, M., Kadamani, A. K., Guindon-Riopel, A., Traynor, O. H., Iqbal, U. H., Bronner, S., Messier, C., & Ismail, N. (2024). The effect of probiotic supplementation on sleep, depression-like behaviour, and central glucose and lactate metabolism in male and female pubertal mice exposed to chronic sleep disruption. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 168, 107146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107146
  9. Rayan, N. A., Aow, J., Lim, M. G. L., Arcego, D. M., Ryan, R., Nourbakhsh, N., de Lima, R. M. S., Craig, K., Zhang, T. Y., & Goh, Y. T. (2024). Shared and unique transcriptomic signatures of antidepressant and probiotics action in the mammalian brain. Molecular Psychiatry, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02619-0  
  10. Daniele, E., Nazer, Y., Kortebi, I., Casasbuenas, D. L., Fan, Y., Trinh, M., Tompkins, T., & Faiz, M. (2023). Oral probiotic therapy improves motor function in a rodent model of sensorimotor stroke. Experimental Brain Research, 241(7), 1931-1943. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-023-06651-4
  11. Hawrysh, P. J., Gao, J., Tan, S., Oh, A., Nodwell, J., Tompkins, T. A., & McQuibban, G. A. (2023). PRKN/parkin-mediated mitophagy is induced by the probiotics Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactococcus lactis. Autophagy, 19(7), 2094-2110. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2023.2172873
  12. Akhgarjand, C., Vahabi, Z., Shab-Bidar, S., Etesam, F., & Djafarian, K. (2022). Effects of probiotic supplements on cognition, anxiety, and physical activity in subjects with mild and moderate Alzheimer’s disease: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 14, 1032494. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.1032494  
  13. Ullah, H., Di Minno, A., Esposito, C., El-Seedi, H. R., Khalifa, S. A. M., Baldi, A., Greco, A., Santonastaso, S., Cioffi, V., Sperandeo, R., Sacchi, R., & Daglia, M. (2022). Efficacy of a food supplement based on S-adenosyl methionine and probiotic strains in subjects with subthreshold depression and mild-to-moderate depression: A monocentric, randomized, cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 156, 113930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113930  
  14. Smith, K. B., Murray, E., Gregory, J. G., Liang, J., & Ismail, N. (2021). Pubertal probiotics mitigate lipopolysaccharide-induced programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in male mice only. Brain Research Bulletin, 177, 111-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.017  
  15. Tillmann, S., Awwad, H. M., Macpherson, C. W., Happ, D. F., Treccani, G., Geisel, J., Tompkins, T. A., Ueland, P. M., Wegener, G., & Obeid, R. (2021). The kynurenine pathway Is upregulated by methyl‐deficient diet and changes are averted by probiotics. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 65(9), 2100078. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202100078  
  16. Tremblay, A., Lingrand, L., Maillard, M., Feuz, B., & Tompkins, T. A. (2021). The effects of psychobiotics on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in early-life stress and neuropsychiatric disorders. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 105, 110142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110142
  17. Wallace, C. J. K., & Milev, R. V. (2021). The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of probiotics on depression: Clinical results from an open-label pilot study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.618279
  18. Heidarzadeh-Rad, N., Gökmen-Özel, H., Kazemi, A., Almasi, N., & Djafarian, K. (2020). Effects of a psychobiotic supplement on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in depressive patients: A post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 26(4), 486-495. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm20079  
  19. Myles, E. M., O’Leary, M. E., Smith, R., Macpherson, C. W., Oprea, A., Melanson, E. H., Tompkins, T. A., & Perrot, T. S. (2020). Supplementation with combined Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 across development reveals sex differences in physiological and behavioural effects of Western diet in Long–Evans rats. Microorganisms, 8(10), 1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101527  
  20. Talbott, S. M., Talbott, J. A., Stephens, B. J., & Oddou, M. P. (2020). Modulation of gut-brain axis improves microbiome, metabolism, and mood. Functional Foods in Health and Disease, 10(1), 37-54. https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v10i1.685  
  21. Wallace J.K. Caroline, Foster A. Jane, Soares N. Claudio, & Milev M. Roumen. (2020). The effects of probiotics on symptoms of depression: Protocol for a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Neuropsychobiology, 79(1), 108-116. https://doi.org/10.1159/000496406  
  22. Cowan, C. S. M., & Richardson, R. (2019). Early-life stress leads to sex-dependent changes in pubertal timing in rats that are reversed by a probiotic formulation. Developmental Psychobiology, 61(5), 679-687. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21765  
  23. Cowan, C. S. M., Stylianakis, A. A., & Richardson, R. (2019). Early-life stress, microbiota, and brain development: Probiotics reverse the effects of maternal separation on neural circuits underpinning fear expression and extinction in infant rats. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 37, 100627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100627  
  24. Kazemi, A., Noorbala, A. A., Azam, K., & Djafarian, K. (2019). Effect of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and urinary cortisol levels in patients with major depressive disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Journal of Functional Foods, 52, 596-602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.041  
  25. Kazemi, A., Noorbala, A. A., Azam, K., Eskandari, M. H., & Djafarian, K. (2019). Effect of probiotic and prebiotic vs placebo on psychological outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Clinical Nutrition, 38(2), 522-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.04.010  
  26. Kazemi, A., Noorbala, A. A., & Djafarian, K. (2019). Effect of probiotic and prebiotic versus placebo on appetite in patients with major depressive disorder: Post hoc analysis of a randomised clinical trial. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 33(1), 56-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12675  
  27. Mohammadi, G., Dargahi, L., Naserpour, T., Mirzanejad, Y., Alizadeh, S. A., Peymani, A., & Nassiri-Asl, M. (2019). Probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 attenuates hippocampal apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. International Microbiology, 22(3), 317-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-018-00051-3  
  28. Mohammadi, G., Dargahi, L., Peymani, A., Mirzanejad, Y., Alizadeh, S. A., Naserpour, T., & Nassiri-Asl, M. (2019). The effects of probiotic formulation pretreatment (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) on a lipopolysaccharide rat model. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 38(3), 209-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2018.1487346  
  29. Peng, H. H., Tsai, T. C., Huang, W. Y., Wu, H. M., & Hsu, K. S. (2019). Probiotic treatment restores normal developmental trajectories of fear memory retention in maternally separated infant rats. Neuropharmacology, 153, 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.04.026  
  30. Trudeau, F., Gilbert, K., Tremblay, A., Tompkins, T. A., Godbout, R., & Rousseau, G. (2019). Bifidobacterium longum R0175 attenuates post-myocardial infarction depressive-like behaviour in rats. PLOS ONE, 14(4), e0215101. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215101
  31. Ait-Belgnaoui, A., Payard, I., Rolland, C., Harkat, C., Braniste, V., Théodorou, V., & Tompkins, T. A. (2018). Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus helveticus synergistically suppress stress-related visceral hypersensitivity through hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis modulation. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 24(1), 138-146. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm16167  
  32. Li, N., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Sun, A., Lin, Y., Jin, Y., & Li, X. (2018). Oral probiotics ameliorate the behavioral deficits induced by chronic mild stress in mice via the gut microbiota-inflammation axis. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 12, 266. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00266
  33. Tillmann, S., Awwad, H. M., Eskelund, A. R., Treccani, G., Geisel, J., Wegener, G., & Obeid, R. (2018). Probiotics affect one-carbon metabolites and catecholamines in a genetic rat model of depression. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 62(7), e1701070. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201701070
  34. Culpepper, T., Christman, M., Nieves Jr, C., Specht, G., Rowe, C., Spaiser, S., Ford, A., Dahl, W., Girard, S., & Langkamp-Henken, B. (2016). Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071 decreases stress-associated diarrhoea-related symptoms and self-reported stress: a secondary analysis of a randomised trial. Beneficial Microbes, 7(3), 327-336. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2015.0156  
  35. Malick, M., Gilbert, K., Daniel, J., Arseneault-Breard, J., Tompkins, T. A., Godbout, R., & Rousseau, G. (2015). Vagotomy prevents the effect of probiotics on caspase activity in a model of postmyocardial infarction depression. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 27(5), 663-671. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12540
  36. Ait-Belgnaoui, A., Colom, A., Braniste, V., Ramalho, L., Marrot, A., Cartier, C., Houdeau, E., Theodorou, V., & Tompkins, T. (2014). Probiotic gut effect prevents the chronic psychological stress-induced brain activity abnormality in mice. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 26(4), 510-520. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12295  
  37. Messaoudi, M., Lalonde, R., Violle, N., Javelot, H., Desor, D., Nejdi, A., Bisson, J. F., Rougeot, C., Pichelin, M., Cazaubiel, M., & Cazaubiel, J. M. (2011). Assessment of psychotropic-like properties of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in rats and human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition, 105(5), 755-764. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510004319  
  38. Messaoudi, M., Violle, N., Bisson, J. F., Desor, D., Javelot, H., & Rougeot, C. (2011). Beneficial psychological effects of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in healthy human volunteers. Gut Microbes, 2(4), 256-261. https://doi.org/10.4161/gmic.2.4.16108  
  39. Diop, L., Guillou, S., & Durand, H. (2008). Probiotic food supplement reduces stress-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in volunteers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Nutrition Research, 28(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2007.10.001

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